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32岁的杨妈咪,怀孕前检查发现有乳腺结节,但并没有引起重视。生完二孩后,她感到乳房有些胀痛,而且该结节不断增大,于是医院检查,做了乳腺彩色B超检查。“当时检查结果显示,她的左乳内上象限有个直径4厘米的肿块,边界不清,血流丰富。”医院心胸、乳腺外科副主任医师梁春荣说,随后穿刺活检,证实是乳腺癌,并有区域淋巴结转移。考虑是局部晚期乳腺癌,不能立即手术,于是采用了新辅助化疗。化疗后再次行根治性手术,这样让患者取得更好的治疗效果。
怀孕前,最好做乳腺B超检查
“如果女性被查出有乳腺结节,怀孕是一个高危因素。”梁春荣说,有一种乳腺癌叫妊娠相关乳腺癌,是指在妊娠或哺乳期发生的乳腺癌。怀孕以后体内激素水平会发生改变,由于体内雌激素水平、孕激素水平骤变,从而使乳腺上皮发育异常,特别是那些边界不清、直径相对比较大(超过1.5cm),或者是血流比较丰富的结节,会在激素的刺激下变大,部分结节甚至有癌变的可能。因此,建议在孕前检查时,加做一项乳腺B超,这个检查能初步判断乳腺是否健康。
乳腺结节是乳腺组织在影像学仪器中表现出的一种形态学改变,也是一种影像学普遍存在的征象。简单地说,乳腺结节只是一种现象,而并不是疾病本身。
“乳腺结节可以见于各种乳腺疾病,一般良性结节,常见于乳腺增生、乳腺囊肿、乳腺纤维瘤、乳头状瘤,而恶性结节则见于乳腺癌、乳腺肉瘤等。”梁春荣说道。
那么,是否有了乳腺结节,就不能怀孕呢?对此,梁春荣说,应在专科医师的指导下全面检查评估肿块的大小、性状,然后再根据每个人的实际情况考虑是怀孕期间监测复查,还是怀孕前手术切除活检。
通常,对于肿块比较小,全面检查后考虑为增生结节,或为纤维瘤、囊肿等良性病变的,并且没有乳腺癌高危因素的部分女性,在3—6个月观察肿块无明显变化后,可以暂不做特殊处理,考虑怀孕,但是在妊娠期也需要密切观察;对于肿块较大,有手术指征的、不能排除恶性的、有乳腺癌高危因素的女性,建议先手术治疗切除活检后再考虑怀孕;对于肿块质地较硬、边界不清、怀疑恶性肿瘤的患者,需行穿刺活检术。一旦确诊是恶性肿瘤的患者必须先系统治疗,而且建议术后3年内避免妊娠。
乳腺结节大多为良性,恶变几率小
很多女性看到体检报告单上“乳腺结节”四个字,心里便会落下一个“心结”,甚至惶恐不安,生怕哪天会癌变。
对此,梁春荣表示,治疗白癜风最好医院白脉软膏对外伤白癜风治疗效果如何
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